9 For example, if people are not sleeping well, it is common for them to retire to bed earlier wishing to get to sleep, which leads to spending longer in bed getting frustrated about not sleeping. 1 Acute insomnia is at risk of evolving into chronic insomnia if individuals develop changed thinking and maladaptive behaviours around sleep. Short‑term insomnia with sleep disturbance and daytime impacts for less than three months will often occur in response to a precipitating stressor which results in a predictable change in sleep quality. This belief is often perpetuated by society’s emphasis on the importance of obtaining perfect sleep for optimal health and well‑being. 1 Presentations with sleep disturbance stem from a belief that sleep is failing to meet expectations rather than having any true negative consequences. In contrast, insomnia has an impact on daytime functioning. While sleep disturbance, with difficulty initiating and maintaining sleep, is a common complaint, many people continue to function well throughout the day. It is important to take a thorough history to distinguish between insomnia and sleep disturbance. Insomnia is not attributable to the physiological effects of a substance (e.g. narcolepsy, breathing‑related sleep disorder, a circadian rhythm sleep–wake disorder, parasomnia).Ĭoexisting mental disorders and medical conditions do not adequately explain the predominant complaint of insomnia. Is not better explained by, and does not occur exclusively during, the course of another sleep–wake disorder (e.g. ![]() Occurs despite adequate opportunity for sleep. early morning awakening with inability to return to sleep.ĭisturbance causes clinically significant distress or impairment (social, occupational, educational, academic, behavioural or other important areas of functioning).įrequency of at least three nights per week.difficulty maintaining sleep (frequent awakenings or problems returning to sleep after awakening).Dissatisfaction with sleep quality or quantity associated with one or more of the following:
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